Kusankha wopereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a LED ndi imodzi mwazisankho zofunika kwambiri zomwe mungapangire polojekiti yanu ya digito. Wothandizira amene mungamusankhe adzatsimikizira za mtundu, kagwiridwe kake, ndi kudalirika kwa nthawi yaitali-ndi kudalirika kwa sikirini, komanso ndalama zokonzera ndi kubweza ndalama. Ndi mazana a opanga ndi makampani amalonda omwe akupikisana ndi bizinesi yanu-makamaka ochokera kudera la Shenzhen ku China, kumene zowonetsera zowonekera kwambiri za LED zimachokera-kusiyanitsa bwenzi lodalirika ndi lowopsa kumafuna chidziwitso chakuya chamakampani.

Kumvetsetsa Mawonekedwe a Supplier
Makampani opanga mawonekedwe a LED ali ndi mitundu itatu yosiyana kwambiri ya ogulitsa, ndipo kuwasokoneza kungakuwonongereni masauzande.
Opangazopangira zanu, kuwongolera njira yonse yopangira, ndikupereka mitengo yabwinoko, zosankha zosinthira, ndikuwongolera bwino. Atha kupereka maulendo a fakitale, nthawi yopangira mwatsatanetsatane, ndi chithandizo chachindunji chaukadaulo.Makampani Ogulitsakhalani ngati mkhalapakati pakati pa inu ndi mafakitale. Ena amawonjezera phindu kudzera mu ukatswiri wofufuza komanso kuyang'anira bwino, ena amaika mitengo popanda kupereka chithandizo chofunikira. Makampani ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amayimira mafakitale angapo ndipo sangakhale ndi chidziwitso chakuya chaukadaulo pazomwe amagulitsa.OEM / ODM Partnerskupanga zinthu pansi pa mtundu wanu kapena sinthani zomwe zilipo kale kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe mukufuna. Maubalewa amafunikira ma voliyumu okulirapo koma amapereka ulamuliro wokulirapo pamatchulidwe azinthu.
Yambani ndimankhwala osiyanasiyana. Opanga zenizeni amakhazikika pagulu lazogulitsa.

Kutsimikizira kwafakitalenkhani nazonso. Pemphani kuti muwone mavidiyo amoyo kumalo opangirako. Opanga enieni amakuwonetsani mizere ya SMT, zipinda zoyesera okalamba, ndi malo owongolera bwino mosazengereza. Makampani ogulitsa amatha kuwonetsa zowonera zakale, kupereka zifukwa za "ndondomeko zachitetezo," kapena kulephera kuyankha zopempha zapavidiyo.
Funsani mwatsatanetsatane mafunso aukadaulo okhudza ma phukusi a LED chip, masinthidwe a driver IC, kapena makulidwe a PCB. Opanga enieni amayankha molimba mtima ndi mfundo zenizeni. Makampani ogulitsa amapereka mayankho osamveka bwino kapena akufunika "kufufuza ndi gulu lawo laukadaulo" ndikubwerera kwa inu pakadutsa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.
Kwa ogulitsa aku China makamaka, funsani awolayisensi ya bizinesindikuwona ngati kuchuluka kwa bizinesi yolembetsedwa kumaphatikizapo "kupanga" kapena "kupanga," osati "kugulitsa" kapena "malonda."
Chidziwitso Chachigawo Chofunikira
Ogula nthawi zambiri amakambirana zamtengo wapatali, amakhala okhutitsidwa ndi malondawo, kenako osadziwa kuti agwirizana -zigawo zam'munsi.
Chips za LED: Kumene Ndalama Zanu Zimapita
Ma chips a LED amatenga pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mtengo wa zenera-nthawi zina zoposerapo-ndipo zimatsimikizira mwachindunji kuwala, kulondola kwa utoto, moyo wautali, ndi kulephera. Awa si malo odulako.

Pamwamba pa msika, muli nazoCreeku USA ndiNichiakuchokera ku Japan. Kukhazikika kwapadera, kusasinthasintha kwamitundu, kukhala ndi moyo wautali-koma kumawononga 3-kuposa kuwirikiza ka 5 kuposa ma brand aku China apamwamba, kupangitsa mitengo yonse ya sikirini kukwera kuchokera pamenepo. Ogula ochepa okha amasankha tchipisi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala masitudiyo owulutsa, makhazikitsidwe apamwamba kwambiri, kapena malo ogulitsira odziwika bwino amtundu wapamwamba. Ntchito zomwe bajeti ili pafupi kuganiziridwa.
Ena onse amapita nawoMayiko. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1969, adadzipangira mbiri ngati kampani yodalirika kwambiri yaku China yonyamula ma LED. Ma chips awo sanakumanepo ndi vuto lalikulu. M'makampani omwe ogulitsa amasowa usiku umodzi ndipo malonda amalephera mochititsa chidwi, mbiriyo imakhala yofunika kwambiri.
Ndipo izi ndi zomwe ogulitsa sangadzipereke-Nationstar imapereka magiredi atatu amkati abwino. TheRS Series (Reestar)ndiye mzere wawo wokwera-wokhala ndi mawaya agolide, wopatsa kuwala kwambiri komanso kukhazikika. TheZithunzi za FMimakhala pakati-mpaka{1}kutsika-kumtunda, waya wagolide koma yotsika mtengo kwambiri. TheChithunzi cha NHamagwiritsa ntchito waya wamkuwa ndikuyimira kulowa-level Nationstar quality. Wogulitsa akamanena kuti amagwiritsa ntchito "Nationstar LEDs," nthawi zonse funsani: ndi mndandanda uti? Waya wagolide kapena waya wamkuwa? Kusiyana kwamitengo ndi magwiridwe antchito pakati pa RS ndi NH ndikwambiri.
Kinglightzimakupatsirani machitidwe ambiri a Nationstar pamitengo yotsika-kutsika kotani kutengera momwe msika uliri komanso kukambirana momasuka. Ndi njira yovomerezeka yowonetsera zamalonda pomwe pali zovuta za bajeti. Ingokhazikitsani zomwe mukuyembekezera-zovuta zing'onozing'ono zimawonekera pakatha zaka zingapo zikugwira ntchito mosalekeza. Osati zolephera kwenikweni, kutengeka kwamtundu, kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa kuwala, mtundu wotere.
Mitundu ya bajeti ngatiMulinsenndiHongshengaliponso. Sali opanda cholakwika pa seti iliyonse, koma ma chipswa ali ndi ziwopsezo zolephereka kwambiri komanso kusasinthasintha kwamtundu. Otsatsa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi amapikisana pamtengo. Nthawi zina zili bwino-ngati mukukhazikitsa kwakanthawi kapena ntchito yomwe sikirini idzasinthidwe m'zaka ziwiri, mwina zingakhale zomveka.
Control Systems
Novastaramakhala pamwamba. Mitengo yotsitsimulanso mpaka 7,680Hz, kukonzedwa kwapadera kwapang'onopang'ono, pulogalamu yokwanira yachilengedwe,-kuchedwa kotsika. Ndi zomwe ma studio owulutsa komanso malo olamula amagwiritsa ntchito. Pali ndalama zolipirira, koma pazantchito-zofunikira kwambiri pomwe makamera akujambula zowonetsera kapena zovuta zamasigini ndizosavomerezeka, m'pofunika kuyikapo ndalama. Pafupifupi 20-25% ya ogula amapita njira iyi.

Ogula ambiri amathaKuwala kwamitundu, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndiko kuyimba koyenera. Yayikidwa bwino m'mitundu yambiri yama projekiti-obwereketsa pasiteji, zowonetsera zamalonda, zowonera zotsatsa, zochitika zapakati-zapakati. Mitengo yotsitsimutsa ndi kukonza kwa grayscale ndizolimba, kukhazikika kwazizindikiro pakatha maola 24/7 ndikwabwino kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi okhululuka kwambiri kotero kuti wodzipatulira safunikira kuti aziyendetsa. Pazinthu zokhazikika zamalonda, Colorlight pafupifupi nthawi zonse ndiyo yoyenera.
Ndiye paliLinsn. Njira ya bajeti, yodalirika yodalirika. Imachita zomwe imachita-kulowa m'malo mwa dongosolo lakale, kuwonetsa zokhazikika, ndipo osafunikira zida zapamwamba, imagwira ntchito bwino. Musamayembekezere kuti musangalale.
Chenjezo limodzi posatengera zomwe mungasankhe: tchulani mtundu mu mgwirizano wanu wogula. Otsatsa amadziwika kuti amatchula mitengo ya Novastar ndikupereka machitidwe a Linsn.
Ma Driver ICs ndi Power Supplies
Ogula amakonda tchipisi ta LED amanyalanyaza ma driver IC.
Oyendetsa ICswongolerani kuwala kwamunthu payekha komanso kutulutsa mtundu. Zosankha za Premium kuchokeraMBI (Macroblock), Chipone, kapenaICNperekani zowongolera bwino za grayscale, kusasinthika kwapano, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono, komanso kuchepetsa kutentha. Kusiyana kwapamwamba-pang'ono ndi kutsika{2}}pang'ono pang'ono kumawoneka m'maso m'mawonekedwe a gradient.


Zida zamagetsiZofunika kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira-zimateteza kutsetsereka, kuwala kosasunthika, komanso kuteteza ku kuwonongeka kwa magetsi.Taganizani Chabwinoku Taiwan ndiye muyezo wagolide.Chuanglianndi njira yodalirika yaku China.-Mphamvundizodziwika bwino pamawonekedwe a LED. Pewani magetsi osatchulidwa mayina kapena amtundu uliwonse-amalephera msanga ndipo amatha kutenga zida zina.
Chitsimikizo cha Certification

Kwa msika waku Europe muyeneraChizindikiro cha CE. Kutsata kwa RoHSchimakwirira zoletsa zinthu zowopsa. Msika waku US umafunaChitsimikizo cha FCC. TÜVimanyamula kulemera mwakufuna ngati{0}}zotsimikizirani za gulu lina.ISO 9001imakhudza kasamalidwe kaubwino. Ndipo ngati zinthu zikugulitsidwa ku China,Chitsimikizo cha CCCimagwira ntchito. Sikuti pulojekiti iliyonse ikufunika zonsezi-dziwani zomwe zili zofunika pamsika wanu ndikutsimikiziranso bwino.
Kuti mutsimikizire izi: funsani bungwe lomwe likukupatsani mwachindunji. Mabungwe ambiri a certification amasunga nkhokwe zapaintaneti. Onani kuti mayina amakampani, ma adilesi, ndi kuchuluka kwazinthu zikufanana. Pemphani masikeni apamwamba-osonyeza manambala a satifiketi ndi masiku ovomerezeka. Pazogula zazikulu, ganizirani kulemba ntchitoSGS, TÜV, kapenaEUROLABkutsimikizira zotsimikizira pa-tsamba.
Alibaba Supplier Assessment
Mkhalidwe Wopereka Golidezimawononga madola masauzande angapo pachaka, zomwe zimasonyeza kudzipereka. Obera nthawi zambiri sayika ndalama izi. Koma Gold Suppliers amadziwika kuti amapereka zinthu zotsika mtengo. Baji imatanthauza kuti adalipira ndalama, osati kuti ndi odalirika. TheBaji Yotsimikizika Yoperekazikuwonetsa-kuwunika kwa tsamba kutsimikizira kuti bizinesiyo ilipo pa adilesi yolembetsedwa. Chizindikiro chabwino, komabe sichitsimikizo chamtundu wazinthu.
Zaka mu Bizinesizinthu zambiri kuposa momwe anthu amaganizira. Otsatsa omwe akugwira ntchito zaka 5+ m'dzina la kampani lomwelo amawonetsa kukhazikika. Achinyengo amakonda kutha pakadutsa 1-2 zaka ndikulembetsanso ndi mayina atsopano. Onani tsiku lolembetsa, osati zomwe mbiriyo ikunena.Chitsimikizo cha Malondaimapereka chitetezo chamalipiro ngati ogulitsa akulephera kukwaniritsa masiku otumizira kapena miyezo yabwino.
Kuwongolera Kwabwino
Asanapangidwe, pamafunika zolemba zamtundu wa chip wa LED, mitundu ya IC, mtundu wamagetsi, ndi mawonekedwe a PCB. Phatikizani izi mu mgwirizano wanu ndi ziganizo za chilango zosintha. Pazinthu zazikulu, funsani zitsanzo zopanga musanavomereze kupanga kwathunthu.
Zakuyendera mafakitale-komanso pamaoda akulu, izi ndizofunikira-ndizimene zimalekanitsa zochitika zenizeni ndi zipinda zowonetsera. Yang'anani chipinda chaukhondo kapena fumbi-malo ochitirako msonkhano. Njira zowongolera kutentha ndi chinyezi. Kusungirako kwadongosolo kokhala ndi zilembo zoyenerera. Mizere yamakono yopanga ma SMT. Kumbali yoyesera, yang'anani zipinda zoyezera ukalamba za LED, zida zoyezera kuwala ndi mtundu, -zida zoyezera chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri, komanso kuyezetsa momwe kutentha kumagwirira ntchito.
-zoyezetsa zotumiza: zowonetsera ziyenera kupitilirabe mphamvu-pakuyesa kwa maola osachepera 72-opanga ena amachita nthawi yayitali. Kuwala kofanana kuyenera kukhala kokwezeka, nthawi zambiri 95% kapena kupitilira apo. Kutentha kwamtundu kuyenera kugwera m'malo oyenera kuti ziwonetsedwe zamalonda, nthawi zambiri kwinakwake pafupifupi 6,500K perekani kapena mutenge. Kusiyanitsa kumatengera momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito-zabwino-zogulitsa zomwe zimayenera kukhala zokwera kwambiri kuposa zoikika mwanthawi zonse. Miyezo yamakampani imalola kuti ma pixel afa pang'ono pa 10,000, koma opereka zinthu zabwino amabweretsa pafupifupi{14}}ziro dead pixels.


Kwa ndalama zazikulu,makampani oyendera akatswirindi ofunika. SGS, TÜV, ndi EUROLAB ndi osewera akulu. Mitengo imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo ndi kukula kwake-ndalama zokwana madola mazana angapo patsiku loyendera limodzi ndi ulendo.
Mitengo
Ma module a LED amawononga ndalama zanu zambiri-nthawi zambiri kuposa theka. Makina owongolera, magetsi, kapangidwe ka nduna, zoyikapo, ndi zotumiza zimagawa zotsalazo mosiyanasiyana kutengera masanjidwe anu ndi komwe mukupita.
Mitengo yamakono ya msika imasintha nthawi zonse, apa pali malingaliro ovuta a malo. Zowonekera m'nyumba zoyambira zokhala ndi ma pixel okulirapo ndiye malo otsika mtengo kwambiri olowera. Pamene mukupita ku mapikiselo abwino kwambiri, mitengo imakwera kwambiri-nthawi zina kuwirikiza kawiri kapena kupitilira apo. Zowonetsera zakunja zimapatsa mtengo kwambiri kuposa zofananira m'nyumba chifukwa chakufunika kwanyengo. Holographic ndi zinthu zapadera zimakhala pamwamba pa msika.
Tsimikizirani nthawi zonse ngati mawu atchulidwe akuphatikiza ntchito zotumiza ndi kasitomu, ziphaso zowongolera zida zamapulogalamu ndi mapulogalamu, malangizo oyika, kugawa zigawo zotsalira, zida zophunzitsira, ndi chitsimikizo. Mawu omwe amawoneka opikisana amadziwika kuti amawonekera "zowonjezera" zonse zikawonjezeredwa.
Kukambitsirana mwayi: maoda okulirapo amakhala oyenera kuchotsera, ngakhale malire amasiyanasiyana ndi ogulitsa. Ngati bajeti ili yolimba, kambiranani pogwiritsa ntchito Kinglight m'malo mwa Nationstar LEDs, kapena Colorlight m'malo mwa Novastar control systems. Ingomvetsetsani za tradeoffs. Malipiro okhazikika nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi dipoziti yakutsogolo, kagawo kena musanatumizidwe, ndipo ndalama zomwe zatsala mukavomera-zogawana zenizeni zimatha kukambirana.
Mbendera zofiira: mitengo yomwe ili pansi pa zomwe wina aliyense akutchula (kudula kwa wina kwinakwake), kusafuna kuyika mtengo, kukakamiza kulipira mwamsanga, zopempha zolipiridwa ku akaunti yanu. Mabizinesi ovomerezeka a ku China amagwiritsa ntchito maakaunti akubanki amakampani m'mabanki akuluakulu-ICBC, China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China. Zopempha za akaunti yanu ndi chizindikiro chachikulu chochenjeza.
Pambuyo pa-Ntchito Zogulitsa
Zowonetsera zowonekera za LED zimafunikira kukonza kosalekeza. Unikani{1}}kuthekera kwa malonda musanawafune.
Chitsimikizo chokhazikikakuchokera kwa opanga odalirika amatha zaka 2-3, kuphimba zolakwika za hardware ndi kulephera kwazinthu zamagetsi. Ma module a LED, magetsi, ndi machitidwe owongolera onse ayenera kuphatikizidwa. Kuwonongeka kwa kuyika kosayenera, ma kukwera kwa magetsi, kapena zinthu zachilengedwe sizikuphimbidwa. Pakukhazikitsa zamalonda, kambiranani nthawi zotsimikizika zoyankha-maola 24-48 kuti mudziwe zakutali, sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri kuti mulowe m'malo. Mvetserani momwe zonenera za chitsimikizo zimagwirira ntchito. Kutumiza kwapadziko lonse kwa magawo olowa m'malo kumatha kutenga milungu ndi kuchedwa kwa kasitomu.
Nawa malangizo omwe apulumutsa ogula ambiri kumutu kwakukulu:gulani ma module owonjezera ndi dongosolo lanu loyambirira-penapake mu 5-10% kutengera kukula kwa maikidwe ndi kupezeka kwake ndikovomerezeka. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wosinthira nthawi yomweyo ndikuwonetsetsa kusasinthika kwamitundu chifukwa amapangidwa mugulu lomwelo. Kuyesa kupeza ma module ofananira zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake ndi magulu opanga zoopsa amasiyana pang'ono, ndipo mitundu yoyimitsidwa yapita kwamuyaya.
Onetsetsani kuti ogulitsa azisamalirakupezeka kwa zida zosinthirakwa 5+ zaka. Opanga ena amasiya kugulitsa zinthu mwachangu, zomwe zimasiya makasitomala ali pachiwopsezo. Kambiranani mitengo yosinthira kuti mupewe kukwera mtengo mukafuna.
Zolemba zaukadaulonkhani: maupangiri oyika, zolemba zamakina owongolera, njira zowongolera, maupangiri othetsera mavuto. Kupezeka kwa chithandizo chakutali. Kusiyanasiyana kwa nthawi ndi makampani aku China kumasokoneza-thandizo la nthawi yeniyeni{3}}ngati muli ku North America kapena ku Europe, tsatirani izi. Otsatsa ena ochokera kumayiko ena amasamalira ma bwenzi am'deralo, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri.
Kuchepetsa Kuopsa ndi Kupewa Chinyengo
Nyambo ndi kusinthandi nkhani yofala kwambiri. Zida zamtengo wapatali zomwe zatchulidwa, zotsika mtengo zimaperekedwa. Katetezedwe: tchulani mitundu yonse yamagulu ndi zitsanzo zamakontrakitala okhala ndi zigamulo. Chitani -kuunika kotumiza.
Makampani abodzakukhalapo. Ochita zachinyengo amapanga mawebusaiti akatswiri a-makampani omwe palibe. Tsimikizirani kulembetsa bizinesi. Funsani maulendo apafakitale amakanema. Yambani ndi malamulo ang'onoang'ono a mayesero.Kuwongoleranso malipirozimachitika pamene anthu achinyengo amadzitengera ngati ogulitsa ovomerezeka ndikupempha kuti alipidwe kumaakaunti osiyanasiyana. Tsimikizirani zolipirira kudzera manambala a foni odziwika, osati imelo. Osalipira kumaakaunti anu.
Kuwonongeka kwa khalidwe pakapita nthawindi wochenjera. Maoda oyambilira amakwaniritsa zofunikira, madongosolo otsatirawa amagwiritsa ntchito zida zotsika mtengo pokhapokha chidaliro chakhazikitsidwa. Pamafunika kuyendera nthawi ndi nthawi ndikusunga zofunikira pamakontrakitala omwe akupitilira.
Musanapereke kwa wogulitsa aliyense: tsimikizirani laisensi yawo yabizinesi, kukhalapo kwa Factory kudzera paulendo wamakanema kapena{0}}kuwunika kwa gulu lachitatu, fufuzani zotsimikizira, pemphani ndi kulumikizana ndi kasitomala, fufuzani dzina la kampani ndi "chinyengo" kapena "madandaulo" pa intaneti, yambani ndi maoda ang'onoang'ono, gwiritsani ntchito njira zolipirira zotetezedwa ndi chitetezo cha ogula.
Zofunika Mgwirizano
Mgwirizano wanu ndiye chitetezo chanu chokha pamene zinthu sizikuyenda bwino.

Yambani ndimfundo-ndipo ndikutanthauza mwatsatanetsatane. Tsekani mtundu wa chip wa LED ndi nambala yeniyeni yachitsanzo, osati "Nationstar" yokha koma "Nationstar RS Series" kapena chilichonse chomwe mwavomera. Zomwezo zimapitanso kwa ma driver IC, makina owongolera, ndi magetsi. Phatikizani kuchuluka kwa ma pixel, kuchuluka kwa kuwala, kutsitsimutsa, kuchuluka kwa kuwonekera, ndi kukula kwa makabati mpaka mamilimita. Ngati zili zofunika kwa inu, zili mu mgwirizano.
Miyezo yabwinokusowa mano. Tanthauzirani kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa ma pixel akufa{1}Ndikupangira kuti musalole ziro. Tchulani zofunikira zowala (95% kapena kupitilira apo), mtundu wololera kutentha, komanso momwe kuyezetsa kuvomereza kudzachitikire. Ndani amayesa? Zida zotani? Nanga chikalephera chimachitika ndi chiyani?
Kalata yotumiziraziyenera kukutetezani ku kuchedwa kosatha. Lembani nthawi yeniyeni yopangira zinthu, tchulani njira yotumizira, ikani tsiku lomaliza la kutumiza, ndipo-izi ndi zofunika-kuphatikizapo zigamulo za kuchedwa. Chinachake ngati 0.5-1% ya mtengo wamtengo wapatali pa sabata kuchedwa kumapatsa ogulitsa chilimbikitso chenicheni kuti akwaniritse masiku awo.
Pangani wanundondomeko ya malipirokuzungulira zochitika zomwe mungatsimikizire. Kugawikana kwanthawi zonse kumatha kukhala 30% kusungitsa, 30% pambuyo pakuvomera kuwunikira, ndi 40% pambuyo poyesa kubereka ndi kuvomereza. Osalipira gawo lomaliza mpaka mutatsimikizira kuti malonda akwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna. Otsatsa omwe amakankhira kumbuyo mwamphamvu pamapangidwe awa akukweza mbendera yofiira.
Mawu a chitsimikizoamafunikira chisamaliro chochulukirapo kuposa momwe ogula ambiri amaperekera. Fotokozani nthawi yopereka, zomwe zikuphatikizidwa ndi zosaphatikizidwa, zomwe zaperekedwa, nthawi yoyankha, ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni yolembera madandaulo. Funsani wogulitsa kuti adzipereke kuti apeze zida zosinthira kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu.
Pomaliza, fotokozani zomwe zimachitika zinthu zikavuta. Nenanilamulo lolamulira, ndondomeko za arbitration,ndiulamuliro. Kwa ogulitsa aku China, mvetsetsani kuti kukhazikitsa mapangano kudutsa malire a mayiko ndizovuta komanso zodula.
Kuwunika Othandizira Pantchito
Poyerekeza ogulitsa, zolemera molingana ndi zosowa zanu zenizeni za polojekiti. Situdiyo yowulutsa imayika patsogolo mitengo yotsitsimutsa komanso kulondola kwamitundu kuposa china chilichonse. Chingwe chogulitsira chimasamala kwambiri za mtengo wathunthu wa umwini ndi kuphweka. Kuyika zochitika kwakanthawi kumatha kukhathamiritsa pamtengo. Dziwani zomwe zili zofunika pa polojekiti yanu musanayambe kugoletsa ogulitsa.
Chigawo khalidwendizofunika kwambiri kuposa zina zambiri-ndi zomwe mukugula.Kukwanitsa kupangandipo njira zoyendetsera bwino zimabwera pambuyo pake.ZitsimikizoZoyenera kutsatira sizikuwuzani zambiri zamtundu wazinthu.Mitengomwachiwonekere ndi nkhani, koma ganizirani mitengo yotsika mokayikira ngati chizindikiro chochenjeza osati mwayi.Pambuyo pa-ntchito zogulitsazimakhala zovuta kwambiri pamene chinachake chalakwika.
Njira yothandiza: yambani ndikuchotsa ogulitsa omwe sangathe kutsimikizira luso la kupanga kapena ziphaso. Fananizani tsatanetsatane wa zigawo pakati pa zomwe zatsala. Pezani zambiri za mawu ochokera kwa odziwa ntchito -atatu kapena asanu nthawi zambiri kumakupatsani mwayi wowona msika mokwanira. Lumikizanani ndi makasitomala omwe alipo a omwe mumawakonda kwambiri ndikuchezera makhazikitsidwe ngati nkotheka. Yambani ndi maoda ang'onoang'ono musanapange mapangano akuluakulu.